how does flak ammunition work

Regular $49.99 (Save $15.00) Pen and Sword, 2014, p.42, Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 23:27, Telecommunications Research Establishment, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, was received by British Intelligence as part of the Oslo Report, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Allied technological cooperation during World War II, "Allen V. Astin Is Dead at 79; Headed Bureau of Standards", The Proximity Fuse - Secret Weapon of World War 2, Critical Challenge: A History of the Proximity Fuze presented, Anti-Aircraft Radio Proximity Fuze (19391942) (conceptual and prototype design work), "Historic Properties Report: Harry Diamond Laboratories, Maryland and Satellite Installations Woodbridge Research Facility, Virginia and Blossom Point Field Test Facility, Maryland", "Request for information about the Isleta Pueblo Ordnance Impact Area", "Calculate the Value of $1.00 in 1945. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? Thomas Kirkman May 27, 2020 @ 1:20pm. The US repeated it for N. Korea and N. Vietnam but failed again ( a whole another story) so luckily its not an era we will see again. Low and medium level flak was even more effective. [64] [66], During WW2, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) investigated the use of acoustic proximity fuzes for anti-aircraft weapons but concluded that there were more promising technological approaches. Thank you. Doppler Radar was able to detect how close objects are to the radio wave source. Please see ooredoo . 2,4 or 10m (7,13 or 33ft)] above ground that are selected by gun crews. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The versatile 88mm cannon was Nazi Germany's main heavy anti-aircraft gun, also known as the Flugabwehrkanone (meaning "aircraft defense cannon"), which was soon shortened to "flak." When a target was nearby, it would reflect a significant portion of the oscillator's signal. Make a 1:1 scale print and you will shurely understand why this cartridge type deserves all due respect. Step 1: Loading. The front shows an 88 flak artillery gun in the center. [9] Their system involved a small, short range, Doppler radar. Despite intense work by the Germans to finish the project, it was finally put out of action by a raid on 6 July 1944 before a single shell . The United States Navy accepted that failure rate. In mid-November 1939, a German neon lamp tube and a design of a prototype proximity fuze based on capacitive effects was received by British Intelligence as part of the Oslo Report. German flak defenses were responsible for more than half of all Allied aircraft losses. As the saying goes, the more flak that's incoming, the more certain you can be that you are over the target. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. And when I started digging deeper, the number of aircraft shot down by flak was astonishing. It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA . It's also against Geneva conversations to use flak guns against infantry. That is exac. Well, it's been 5 years and the devs STILL haven't been able to match/list what ammunition fits which weapons in the constructor or on the description, so once again we need to rely on each other to do what they can . This doesnt take into account the number of aircraft that were severely damaged by flak.. The versatile gun earned nearly mythical status among Allied flyers, infantrymen, and tank crews. [34][37][38] The use of the Doppler effect developed by this group was later incorporated in all radio proximity fuzes for bomb, rocket, and mortar applications. Advanced Cannons and some simple weapons use custom shells designed by players through Ammo Controllers and customisers. Life on Royal Navy aircraft carrier(1960), Hush-Kit Joe talking 10 favouriteaircraft, The case for the P-47 Thunderbolt being the greatest fighter of the Second WorldWar, The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt MafiaFamily, 10 things you need to know about the P-47Thunderbolt. A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded. Some naval mines use pressure fuzes which are able to detect the pressure wave of a ship passing overhead. [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. [9], Some explosive projectiles, such as high-explosive incendiary bullets, contain an incendiary charge intended to ignite explosives within the shell.[9]. [20], The first reference to the concept of radar in the UK was made by W. A. S. Butement and P. E. Pollard, who constructed a small breadboard model of a pulsed radar in 1931. Additionally, this Quora page has a lot of good info and graphics explaining the use and necessity of this same fragmentation principle in air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. The first time incendiary ammunition was widely used was in World WarI, more specifically in 1916. But that number is misleading. Due to the forward speed of the bomber, bombs fitted with pressure detonators would all explode at about the same height above ground along a horizontal trajectory. This gun served as the main armament of the Tiger I heavy tank. I would say the Germans and the Allies had guns and systems that were equal in effectiveness. Across the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, the initial combat load was intended to be carried in the M1923 Cartridge Belt. Was armour speed a better defence from flak? What is the black smoke coming out of the shells? Butement, W. A. S., and P. E. Pollard; "Coastal Defence Apparatus", Butement, W. A. S., et al. Press J to jump to the feed. Feb 19, 2014 Jack Beckett, Guest Author. The three drones were destroyed with just four projectiles.[9][42]. More American 8th Air Force aces were shot down by flak than enemy fighters.. For security reasons, and to confuse the enemy, it was initially called 'de Wilde' ammunition, even though the design was almost entirely different from the original version. All ammunition types are produced at Factories or Mass Production Factories. The Schmetterling, Enzian, Rheintochter and X4 guided missiles were all designed for use with the Kranich acoustic proximity fuze. Its price point is 75 cents per round and its bullet weight is between 147 and 175 grains. This allowed for aiming at night and in bad weather.. I think the TF2 Engineer summed it up perfectly: "How am I going to stop some big mean mother hubbard from tearing me a structurally superfluous new behind? And if that don't work use more gun.". Same principle is used for special types of shrapnel ammo in the Carl Gustav recoilless rifle. most expensive cities in atlanta; high neckerchief rdr2; english toothpaste brands; iphone unlock and stay on lock screen Luftwaffe flak batteries could be assigned to the army at any time and thousands were. Is Wolfram|Alpha just an online equation solver. The largest artillery pieces employed by the Army against Axis forces was the M1 240mm howitzer, which could fire 360-pound shell out to a range of 23,000 meters (14.3 miles). Their first project was a revival of their original work on coast defense, but they were soon told to start a second project to develop a range-only radar to aid anti-aircraft guns.[23]. For sale: 88mm - $100,000 - $150,000. [38], While working for a defense contractor in the mid-1940s, Soviet spy Julius Rosenberg stole a working model of an American proximity fuze and delivered it to Soviet intelligence. Both are surrounded by an oval oak leaf wreath. At the beginning of the war, the first British gun-laying Mark I (GL I) radars entered service with several AA batteries. Sign upfor our newsletterhere. While it fits well into the Allied narrative of how the strategic bombing campaign robbed the German army of valuable munitions, it was only partially true. 4,000 guns were made, but they only really had value as propaganda. The cannon was fully automatic and effective against aircraft flying at altitudes up to 4,200 m. The cannon was produced in both towed and self-propelled versions. Click to subscribe! 8,8 cm Flak 41 Information about the 8,8 cm Flak 41. (96) And so, there is evidence that there may soon be a pivot towards a Plan B; a long term insurgency, similar to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. [9] A breadboard circuit was constructed and the concept was tested in the laboratory by moving a sheet of tin at various distances. [9] Tuve's group was known as Section T, not APL, throughout the war. Both are surrounded by an oval oak leaf wreath. Which nation was best at using AAA and why? Empyrion - Galactic Survival > General Discussions > Topic Details. How does flak work? Alternate Ammunition is the generic name for special munitions launched from LRM, SRM, and MMLs. It would have never been used in action. When the Allies began to use the term is not known. Press J to jump to the feed. ). Getting that right was harder than you would think with the limited means of getting the planes altitude and speed right and they would only have a few minutes at most to do so. World War I. Coilguns shoot high velocity bolts that deal damage to anything they hit. Flak proved a huge benefit to fighter pilots assigned to attack incoming raids. But this was a false metric. [9][33][34], In just two days, Diamond was able to come up with a new fuze design and managed to demonstrate its feasibility through extensive testing at the Naval Proving Ground at Dahlgren, Virginia. Most, if not all, of the histories deal with the great air battles strictly in terms of aircraft vs. aircraft; the great fighter aces and how many bombers were shot down by Spitfires, Bf 109s, Fw 190s and Me 110 and Ju 88 night-fighters. I once interviewed a WWII flak veteran, who talked about how they used their cannons against enemy infantry and soon, that became a more common use of their cannons than actually firing at airplanes. [10] These included acoustic fuzes triggered by engine sound, one based on electrostatic fields developed by Rheinmetall Borsig, and radio fuzes. Flak Ammo is a type of bullet that spreads in flight, making it good for medium-ranged combat. [citation needed] To prevent premature detonation, the inbuilt battery that armed the shell had a several millisecond delay before its electrolytes were activated, giving the projectile time to clear the area of the gun.[45]. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Flak is an acronym/initialism forthe German word, Flugabwehrkanone, meaning aircraft-defence cannon. The B Mark VI incendiary bullet was packed with nitrocellulose, and a small steel ball was placed in the tip of the bullet to ensure that the chemical exploded on impact. They never pooled their resources, instead each would go their own way, often siting individual radars in the same place., Two myths about flak: one it was not very effective, from an Allied point of view, and second the Allied bombing campaign against Germany created a second front siphoning off thousands of men to man the guns and robbing the German army of valuable men. This permitted the purchase of over 22 million fuzes for approximately one billion dollars ($14.6 billion in 2021 USD[51]). [54], Vannevar Bush, head of the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) during the war, credited the proximity fuze with three significant effects. Some sectioned shells from the First World War. It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA defences against the worlds first cruise missile (V-1), right up to the human guided missile that was the kamikaze in the Pacific., I was inspired after reading Edward B. Westermanns book Flak: German Anti-Aircraft Defenses 1914-1945. Flash Sale. All of this in one go, it would not be possible to do it like it is shown ingame. Pye's group was apparently unable to get their rugged pentodes to function reliably under high pressures until 6 August 1941, which was after the successful tests by the American group. Flak came into English as an abbreviation for the German word Fliegerabwehrkanone, meaning aircraft-defense gun. It uses Advanced Sniper Bullet for ammo. The story mostly centres around the fighter defence and how the F4F Wildcat matched up against the vaunted A6M Zero-sen. A fireball from a kamikaze attack engulfs the USS Columbia during a battle near the Philippines in 1945. Sure, in UT99 there is some sort of piston that pushes ammo into the firing chamber, but it's . Magazines contain . [67] [68]. Wooden precise replica of the German 88mm anti-aircraft FlaK guns and Tiger-I ammunition - 8.8cm Sprgr.Patr. From left to right: 90 mm shrapnel shell, 120 mm pig iron incendiary . hospital valet job description how does flak ammunition work. Each unit has its own specified abilities and stats. It was justifiably feared by Allied airmen, tankers, and foot soldiers because of its accuracy, lethality, and versatility. Another, is a barometric fuse, a fuse that's triggered when a certian altitude is reach by measuring air pressure. I know that UT weapons aren't supposed to be something realistic, but if someone wanted to analyze for example the flak cannon, how would it do all the stuff it is supposed to do? ", Oruzhiye Podvodnogo Udara (Underwater Weapons), "The Development of the Radio Proximity Fuze", Naval Historical Centre Radio Proximity (VT) Fuzes, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proximity_fuze&oldid=1141413451, It was important in defense from Japanese, It was an important part of the radar-controlled anti-aircraft batteries that finally neutralized the German, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 23:27. In Germany, more than 30 (perhaps as many as 50)[19] different proximity fuze designs were developed, or researched, for anti-aircraft use, but none saw service. https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-A-A-missiles-be-used-against-ground-targets-and-A-G-missiles-against-air-targets. Any analysis that does not examine all components of the system, and acknowledge that interference with any part of it can sharply reduce its effectiveness, is incomplete. | Latest News India One-Handed Flail The flail is a medieval weapon that's instantly familiar. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. To shoot in flans mod you need your weapon and specific ammo (M249 SAW and M249 ammo) To load press R and the ammo should transfer to your gun. It not just one or the other.. Several ideas had been considered, including optical systems that shone a light, sometimes infrared, and triggered when the reflection reached a certain threshold, various ground-triggered means using radio signals, and capacitive or inductive methods similar to a metal detector. When the target was far away, little of the oscillator's transmitted energy would be reflected to the fuze. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising.

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