Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. Is North Korea a dictatorship? The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell.
Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. 8. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Political culture: 5.00. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea.
1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Equatorial Guinea. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". List of Cons of Dictatorships. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda.
Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled.
The African Dictators | Africa Facts Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator.
A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.
Pros and Cons of Dictatorships | Vision Launch Media 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project This means that the ruler or party has complete control. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions.
15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships Military dictatorship - McGill University Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. #SOSCuba. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. 1. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause.
12 Examples of Fascism in History (2023) - Helpful Professor Democracies and Dictatorships in Latin America Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009).
Which countries have dictatorship government? - Sage-Answers [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished.