characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

Increased production as well as imports are required to close this gap. Ethiopia is well positioned because highland temperatures make it ideal for horticulture, the average wage rate is US$20 per month (compared to US$60 a month in India), the price of leased land is about US$13 per hectare, and the government has tremendously aided the entry of new businesses into this sector in recent years. APDF readeris available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. [15], About 98 percent of the coffee was produced by peasants on smallholdings of less than a hectare, and the remaining 2 percent was produced by state farms. During this period, markets were major actors of economic activity and various positive measures, which encouraged . Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave3, 2015-2016. Tenant farmers in southern Ethiopia, where the average tenancy was as high as 55% and rural elites exploited farmers, welcomed the land reform. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. [19][20], Sorghum, millet, and corn are cultivated mostly in warmer areas at lower altitudes along the country's western, southwestern, and eastern peripheries. In the 1980s, as part of an effort to increase production and to improve the cultivation and harvesting of coffee, the government created the Ministry of Coffee and Tea Development (now the ECTA), which was responsible for production and marketing. processed food, beverages, and livestock products meat, milk, and eggs), as well as the textile/apparel and leather industries. "Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers." What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture - ECHEMI Coffee grows wild in many parts of the country, although most Ethiopian coffee is produced in the Oromia Region (63.7%) and in the SNNPR (34.4%), with lesser amounts in the Gambela Region and around the city of Dire Dawa. [7], Most agricultural producers are subsistence farmers with small holdings, often broken into several plots. Despite the Derg's efforts to reassure farmers that land reform would not affect them negatively, northerners remained suspicious of the new government's intentions. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. Ethiopia is home to abundant livestock resources. The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. Oilseeds of lesser significance include castor beans, rapeseed, peanuts, and safflower and sunflower seeds. [5] Ethiopia's livestock population is believed to be the largest in Africa, and in 20062007 livestock accounted for 10.6% of Ethiopia's export income, with leather and leather products making up 7.5% and live animals 3.1%. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. [11], The primary motive for the expansion of state farms was the desire to reverse the drop in food production that has continued since the revolution. Land ownership is also a complicating factor. The high concentration of animals in the highlands, together with the fact that cattle are often kept for status, reduces the economic potential of Ethiopian livestock. The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . For the foreseeable future, the demand for cotton is expected to outstrip local supplies, making imports necessary. This is a best prospect industry sector for this country. However, rural households are still faced with severe food insecurity and malnutrition. Brighter Green, 2. Challenges of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Ethiopia. In early 1990, the government essentially abandoned villagization when it announced new economic policies that called for free-market reforms and a relaxation of centralized planning. Under the current administration, the GOE has renewed its emphasis to develop the agriculture sector, ensure food security, and achieve import substition. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. Regular and reliable harvests helped generate stable tax income that led to relatively strong governmental structures that were ultimately the reason that Ethiopia was the only country not to be colonized in the late-nineteenth century Scramble for Africa apart from Liberia. Meat and milk yields are low and losses high, especially among calves and young stock. [10], Until the 1974 revolution, Ethiopia had a complex land tenure system, which some have described as feudal. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. Agricultural systems in Ethiopia - ScienceDirect The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. Source: Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) (Total Exports). Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. Elementor #1090 - [] PORTER GHILLIE Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. PDF SMALL FAMILY FARMS COUNTRY FACTSHEET thiopia - Food and Agriculture In the dry lowlands, persistent winds also contribute to soil erosion. The GOE has an ambitious plan to attain wheat self-sufficiency and halt importations. [24] As Ethiopia increasingly experiences the effects of climate change, drought, and desertification, experts predict that "Ethiopia will have to open its markets to grain imports in order to keep up with the growing demand for meat, milk, and eggs.". Thus, this study aimed at investigating the physiographic characteristics of agricultural lands, farmers . Fresh fruits, including citrus and bananas, as well as fresh and frozen vegetables, became important export items, but their profitability was marginal. Some of these products, especially the textiles, apparel, leather goods, and finished meat products are targeted for export markets in order to generate foreign exchange. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. First, the recurring droughts had devastated the country's main areas where pulses and oilseeds were grown. Foreign Direct Investment Attraction Events, Services for U.S. Companies New to Exporting, Services for U.S. Companies Currently Exporting, Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Licensing Requirements for Professional Services, Improve income and livelihood options for farming and pastoral communities through increased productivity and competitiveness, Raise export of agricultural output and substitute imports, Make agriculture a viable and profitable enterprise through value addition, Enhance livestock health access and quality, Preserve animal genetic resources and increase pastoral research, Improve the development of animal feed and access to markets, Develop livestock specific extension package for each livestock type. Agriculture in Ethiopia - Wikipedia The agricultural extension system in Ethiopia: Operational setup Agriculture is defined as the purposeful tending of animals and plants.It provides: basic food supplies for the population; raw materials like cotton, sugar cane, oil seeds, etc. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. To examine the current situation on the use of agricultural technologies by . Download. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. Agriculture in the Lake Tana Sub-Basin of Ethiopia -- 24. In chtse area intensive farming is carried on in limited. Estimates for 1987 indicated that livestock production contributed one-third of agriculture's share of GDP, or nearly 15 percent of total GDP. The first three are primarily cool-weather crops cultivated at altitudes generally above 1,500 meters. The first, found in areas with relatively good drainage, consists of red-to-reddish-brown clayey loams that hold moisture and are well endowed with needed minerals, with the exception of phosphorus. Agriculture in Ethiopia. However, these cattle do relatively well under the traditional production system. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture activities In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. But the same quantity of teff retailed at 81 birr at food stores belonging to the urban dwellers' associations (kebeles) in Addis Ababa and sold for as much as 181 birr in the open market. [7], Imperial government policy permitting investors to import fertilizers, pesticides, tractors and combines, and (until 1973) fuel free of import duties encouraged the rapid expansion of large-scale commercial farming. In addition, the rugged topography of the highlands, the brief but extremely heavy rainfalls that characterize many areas, and centuries-old farming practices that do not include conservation measures have accelerated soil erosion in much of Ethiopia's highland areas. According to Infomineo (2016), the key agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are the following: Coffee & tea; Ethiopia has a great potential for coffee production, thanks to the country's abundant rainfall, optimum temperatures, conducive altitude, and fertile soil. Agriculture. Ethiopian farmers plough their land by combining the above tools for such three months to get yearly consumed food. PDF Specific Characteristics of Agriculture and the Need to Treat - IATP Major Rivers of Ethiopia | Ethiopia About Ethiopia - EthioVisit.com Local demand for meat, milk and eggs is growing as the economy and population grow. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming Additional investment opportunities are expected in the textile and garment sector as well as cotton production. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) [7], Before the Ethiopian Revolution, pulses and oilseeds played an important role, second only to coffee, in the country's exports. The data from 460 sheep were used for the determination of morphometric characterization while 110 male sheep and 150 females were used to characterize the reproductive performance of Blackhead Somali sheep breeds. major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. In Ethiopia, agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the population and major driver of the national economy. Households spend an average of 40% of their total food budget on cereals. The contribution of agriculture to growth in the manufacturing and services sectors was not significant between 1978 and 1998. As the economy grows and the population expands, consumer demand for certain types of foods is expected to increase. Mengistu and his advisers believed that state farms would produce grain for urban areas, raw materials for domestic industry, and also increase production of cash crops such as coffee to generate badly needed foreign exchange. [7], Pulses are the second most important element in the national diet and a principal protein source. In Ethiopia 95% of the total area is cultivated by smallholder farmers and contribute 90% of the total agricultural output. agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. In fact, the soybean crushing and soybean oil refining industry is quickly emerging. The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. Potential niche market for wheat and soybean exports. Among the popular games on the grasslands, football (introduced via schools) tends to replace the traditional qarsa game. [12], In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[13]. Crop and Livestock Product Utilization (Private Peasant Holdings . It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. 3. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics(Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/ [27], Most of the estimated 7.5 million equines (horses, mules, and donkeys) are used to transport produce and other agricultural goods. [7], Cattle in Ethiopia are almost entirely of the zebu type and are poor sources of milk and meat. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1965 and 1973, while population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent during the same period. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation (ETBC). As with many equatorial countries, the sun dictates time in Ethiopia. Land Degradation in Ethiopia: Causes, Impacts and - IISTE Challenges and prospects of agricultural production and productivity - GRIN The market is segmented by type into food crops, fruits, and vegetables. Nonetheless, agricultural output rose by an estimated 3 percent in 199091, almost certainly in response to the relaxation of government regulation. Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics. Area, Production and Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Belg Season) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) }, author={Tesfaye Haile}, journal={Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, year={1988}, volume={10}, pages={85-97} } T. Haile; Published 14 July 1988; Geography; Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences About 70 percent of the cattle in 1987 were in the highlands (commonly involved in transhumance),[26] and the remaining 30 percent were kept by nomadic pastoralists in the lowland areas. The General Characteristics of Ethiopia - GradesFixer [7], While efforts are being made to intensify and industrialize the sector, questions arise as to how Ethiopia can develop and expand its livestock population when Ethiopians already struggle to gain access to good soil, grazing land, and water. Washington, DC 20230. This modest increase, however, was not enough to offset a general decrease in GDP during the same period. For the later two Regions, estimated numbers vary greatly between conventional and aerial censuses, but total less than 15% of the non-nomadic Regions. Factors affecting crop prodution in Ethiopia - Academia.edu Title. The process meant not only smaller farms but also the fragmentation of holdings, which were often scattered into small plots to give families land of comparable quality. The Ethiopian Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Enterprise, which handled about 75 percent of Ethiopia's exports of fruits and vegetables in 198485, had to receive government subsidies because of losses. This site contains PDF documents. Grain imports are almost exclusively limited to wheat, nearly all of which the GOEs state-trading arm (i.e., Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation) purchases off the international market and later distributes in the local market at a subsidized price. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. Effects of liming and different land use types on phosphorus sorption [7], Ethiopia's coffee is almost exclusively of the arabica type, which grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. For example, during the pre-reform period, sixty-one out of 200 farmer respondents owned three or four parcels of land; after the reform, the corresponding number was 135 farmers. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as .